@程序员，如何在五分钟内构建个人网盘服务？| 技术头条

原标题：@程序员，如何在五分钟内构建个人网盘服务？| 技术头条

作者 | 阿木

责编| 郭芮

在目前众多网盘小场纷纷宣布自己倒下或者即将倒下的时代，大家除了使用几个大厂的服务外，也可另辟蹊径搭建一套属于自己的网盘服务。

针对个人需要的数据云备份、云存储、数据分享、在线视频、音乐等本文中部署的个人网盘皆可满足。话不多说，下面我们就进入个人网盘搭建的正文。本文中底层的云存储工具我们以owncloud为例。

根据维基百科介绍，ownCloud 是一个自由且开源的个人云存储解决方案，包括服务器和客户端两部分。

ownCloud 最早由KDE开发者Frank Karlitschek于2010年一月创建，目标是成为商业云存储服务商的替代。与商业云存储不同，ownCloud可以自由获取无需付费，但相应的，用户必须自行架设ownCloud服务器。

ownCloud在客户端可透过网页界面，或者安装专用的客户端软件来使用。网页界面当然就是任何能开网页的平台都支持，而客户端软件也支持相当多平台，Windows、Linux、iOS、Android皆有。

以下为部署的具体过程。

首先我们需要一台服务器，在此我们以本地自己搭建的一台虚拟机为例，发行版和内核信息如下：

[root@localhost ~] # cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511(Core)

[root@localhost ~] # uname -a

Linux work 3.10.0-327.36.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Sun Sep 18 13:04:29 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

[root@localhost ~] #

部署环境准备完成后，我们在虚拟机上安装下红帽的yum源：

[root@localhost ~]# yuminstall-yepel-release

Loadedplugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

Determiningfastestmirrors

* base: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn

* epel: mirrors.huaweicloud.com

* extras: mirrors.163.com

* updates: mirrors.zju.edu.cn

Packageepel-release-7-11.noarchalreadyinstalledandlatestversion

Nothingtodo

[root@localhost ~]#

由于我前面已经更新过虚拟机的yum源，因此并未做什么更新。

然后我们需要在虚拟机上部署下Docker 运行的环境，在此我们直接采用yum在线安装的方式直接安装下。其他部署方式，诸如源码编译安装等感兴趣的同学可以自行参考Docker 官网安装教程（https://docs.sevenbridges.com/docs/install-docker）进行部署。

Docker 安装过程可能需要几分钟的时间，安装完成后需要启动下 Docker 守护进程：

[root@localhost ~] # systemctl start docker

[root@localhost ~] #

查看下 Docker 守护进程是否已经在运行：

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl statusdocker

docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine

Loaded: loaded(/etc/systemd/system/docker.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)

Active: active ( running) since Mon 2019-02-2515: 35: 52CST; 46s ago

Docs: http://docs.docker.com

Main PID: 14413(dockerd-current)

CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service

├─ 14413/usr/bin/dockerd-current --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd --selinux-enabled=false --insecure-registry gcr...

└─ 14428/usr/bin/docker-containerd-current -l unix:///var/run/docker/libcontainerd/docker-containerd.sock --metrics-int...

Feb 2515: 35: 52work docker-current[ 14413]: time= "2019-02-25T15:35:52.555468533+08:00"level=info msg= "Firewalld running: false"

Feb 2515: 35: 52work docker-current[ 14413]: time= "2019-02-25T15:35:52.650339401+08:00"level=info msg= "Default bridge (docke...dress"

Feb 2515: 35: 52work docker-current[ 14413]: time= "2019-02-25T15:35:52.675313581+08:00"level=info msg= "Loading containers: done."

Feb 2515: 35: 52work docker-current[ 14413]: time= "2019-02-25T15:35:52.676370514+08:00"level=warning msg= "Not using native d...o fix"

Feb 2515: 35: 52work docker-current[ 14413]: time= "2019-02-25T15:35:52.676966551+08:00"level=warning msg= "failed to retrieve...$PATH"

Feb 2515: 35: 52work docker-current[ 14413]: time= "2019-02-25T15:35:52.677003665+08:00"level=warning msg= "failed to retrieve...rsion"

Feb 2515: 35: 52work docker-current[ 14413]: time= "2019-02-25T15:35:52.677250954+08:00"level=info msg= "Daemon has completed ...ation"

Feb 2515: 35: 52work docker-current[ 14413]: time= "2019-02-25T15:35:52.677267059+08:00"level=info msg= "Docker daemon"commit.. .1.13.1

Feb 2515: 35: 52work docker-current[ 14413]: time= "2019-02-25T15:35:52.681264961+08:00"level=info msg= "API listen on /var/ru....sock"

Feb 2515: 35: 52work systemd[ 1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.

Hint: Some lineswere ellipsized, use -l to show infull.

[root@localhost ~]#

设置开机自启：

[root@localhost ~] # systemctl enable docker

Created symlinkfrom /etc/systemd/ system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /etc/systemd/ system/docker.service.

确认下是否可以查看到 Docker 的info 信息，正常部署完成可以看到Docker 的 info 信息：

[root@localhost ~] # docker info

Containers: 0

Running: 0

Paused: 0

Stopped: 0

Images: 0

Server Version: 1.13.1

Storage Driver: overlay2

Backing Filesystem: xfs

Supports d_type: false

Native Overlay Diff: false

Logging Driver: json-file

Cgroup Driver: systemd

Plugins:

Volume: local

Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay

Swarm: inactive

Runtimes: runc

Default Runtime: runc

Init Binary: docker-init

containerd version: (expected: aa8187dbd3b7ad67d8e5e3a15115d3eef43a7ed1)

runc version: N/A (expected: 9df8b306d01f59d3a8029be411de015b7304dd8f)

init version: N/A (expected: 949e6facb77383876aeff8a6944dde66b3089574)

Security Options:

seccomp

Profile: default

Kernel Version: 3.10.0-327.36.1.el7.x86_64

Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)

OSType: linux

Architecture: x86_64

Number of Docker Hooks: 3

CPUs: 4

Total Memory: 976.9 MiB

Name: work

ID: V7HM:XRBY:P6ZU:SGWK:J52L:VYOY:UK6L:TR45:YJRC:SZBS:DQRF:CFP5

Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker

Debug Mode (client): false

Debug Mode (server): false

Registry: https://hub-mirror.c.163.com/v1/

Experimental: false

Insecure Registries:

gcr.io

127.0.0.0/8

Live Restore Enabled: false

Registries: hub-mirror.c.163.com (secure), docker.io (secure)

[root@localhost ~] #

从结果可以看出，当前我们安装的Docker 版本为1.13。

Docker 环境部署结束后，我们需要pull下ownload 的镜像，在docker pull 之前我们需要先登录下目标hub：

[root@localhost ~] # docker login -u 账号 -e your@emailhub.c.163.com

Flag --email has been deprecated, will be removed in1.14.

Password:

Login Succeeded

[root@localhost ~] #

拉取owncloud 镜像：

[root@localhost ~] # docker pull hub.c.163.com/library/owncloud:latest

Trying to pull repository hub.c.163.com/library/owncloud ...

sha256:fdda568e8fef81f69df873d965d67d112eff770cff64f9b1ba055c7e19ea6ac0: Pulling from hub.c.163.com/library/owncloud

3ebc4e3ed1b2: Pull complete

c564d17b49c8: Pull complete

c424469b3e97: Pull complete

5e11f00270e2: Pull complete

4e954eec6dd4: Pull complete

176ba716cc40: Pull complete

59f7c8998494: Pull complete

7c3913488b7f: Pull complete

2409b3c9501c: Pull complete

b675e82c75a1: Pull complete

6f624c1c100d: Pull complete

7d41dd54b1c4: Pull complete

b7990372920c: Pull complete

99d88c7f1c49: Pull complete

00e2690b63a6: Pull complete

8ff08f48bba5: Pull complete

658c2474e164: Pull complete

92371a48c368: Pull complete

fc513e087257: Pull complete

bf45de679453: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:fdda568e8fef81f69df873d965d67d112eff770cff64f9b1ba055c7e19ea6ac0

Status: Downloaded newer image for hub.c.163.com/library/owncloud:latest

[root@localhost ~] #

检查本地镜像：

[root@localhost ~] # docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

hub.c .163.com/library/owncloud latest 183d08975211 19months ago 587MB

[root@localhost ~] #

可以看到ownload 镜像已经被拉取到本地，且tag为latest。

[root@localhost ~] # docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

hub.c .163.com/library/owncloud latest 183d08975211 19months ago 587.2MB

[root@localhost ~] #

运行owncloud容器:

[root@localhost ~] # docker run --name owncloud –p 80:80 -d hub.c.163.com/library/owncloud:latest

a4e48b60d0eb3b233000c70d35bc602f1233bc37a9dac9252a3e0ffeddf4de29

容器名称owncloud，并将容器中的80端口映射到虚拟机的80端口，这样我们访问虚拟机的80端口时即可访问到容器的80端口，即owncloud。

查看owncloud 容器是否已经在后台运行起来：

[root@localhost ~] # docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

a4e48b60d0eb hub.c .163.com/library/owncloud:latest "docker-entrypoint.sh"6seconds ago Up 3seconds 80/tcp owncloud

[root@localhost ~] #

Owncloud 中注册信息、配置信息等需要写入mysql，因此下面我们需要部署一下mysql 数据库服务，本文中我们将mysql部署到虚拟机上。

建议安装mysql5.7 或者更高的版本，否则在设置录owncloud时会报错：

具体过程如下：

首先需要先卸载掉CentOS7.x上自带的mariadb数据库，删除mariadb 数据库残留的数据库文件：

[root@localhost ~] # rm -rf /var/lib/mysql*

下载mysql yum 源安装文件：

[root@localhost ~] # wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

--2019-02-25 20:57:41-- http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

Resolving dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.11

Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently

Location: https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community- release-el7 -10.noarch.rpm [ following]

--2019-02-25 20:57:41-- https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

Connecting todev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)| 137.254.60.11|: 443... connected.

HTTPrequest sent, awaiting response... 302Found

Location: https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community- release-el7 -10.noarch.rpm [ following]

--2019-02-25 20:57:52-- https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

Resolving repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 23.78.217.58

Connecting torepo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)| 23.78.217.58|: 443... connected.

HTTPrequest sent, awaiting response... 200OK

Length: 25548( 25K) [application/x-redhat- package-manager]

Saving to: ‘mysql57-community- release-el7 -10.noarch.rpm’

100%[==============================================================================>] 25, 548--.-K/s in 0.03s

2019-02-2520: 57: 52( 751KB/s) - ‘mysql57-community- release-el7 -10.noarch.rpm’ saved [ 25548/ 25548]

-c: Nosuch fileordirectory

NoURLs foundin-c.

FINISHED --2019-02-25 20:57:52--

Total wall clock time: 12s

Downloaded: 1files, 25K in0.03s ( 751KB/s)

安装下载的mysql yum 源：

[root@localhost ~] # yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

Examining mysql57-community- release-el7 -10.noarch.rpm: mysql57-community- release-el7 -10.noarch

Marking mysql57-community- release-el7 -10.noarch.rpm tobe installed

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-10 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

========================================================================================================================

PackageArch VersionRepository Size

========================================================================================================================

Installing:

mysql57-community- releasenoarch el7 -10/mysql57-community- release-el7 -10.noarch 30k

TransactionSummary

========================================================================================================================

Install1Package

Total size: 30k

Installed size: 30k

Downloading packages:

Running transactioncheck

Running transactiontest

Transactiontestsucceeded

Running transaction

Installing : mysql57-community- release-el7 -10.noarch 1/ 1

Verifying : mysql57-community- release-el7 -10.noarch 1/ 1

Installed:

mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7 -10

Complete!

yum 安装 mysql 服务：

[[root@localhost ~] # yum -y install mysql-community-server

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

mysql57-community | 2.5kB 00: 00: 00

mysql57-community/x86_64/primary_db | 170kB 00: 00: 00

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: mirrors.cn99.com

* epel: mirror.premi.st

* extras: mirrors .163.com

* updates: mirrors.zju.edu.cn

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0: 5.7.25-1.el7 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86 -64) = 5.7.25-1.el7 forpackage: mysql-community-server -5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86 -64) >= 5.7.9forpackage: mysql-community-server -5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64

--> Running transaction check

---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0: 5.7.25-1.el7 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86 -64) >= 5.7.9forpackage: mysql-community-client -5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64

---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0: 5.6.43-2.el7 will be updated

---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0: 5.7.25-1.el7 will be an update

--> Running transaction check

---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0: 5.6.43-2.el7 will be updated

---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0: 5.7.25-1.el7 will be an update

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

========================================================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

========================================================================================================================

Installing:

mysql-community-server x86_64 5.7.25-1.el7 mysql57-community 165M

Installing fordependencies:

mysql-community-client x86_64 5.7.25-1.el7 mysql57-community 24M

Updating fordependencies:

mysql-community-common x86_64 5.7.25-1.el7 mysql57-community 274k

mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.7.25-1.el7 mysql57-community 2.2M

Transaction Summary

========================================================================================================================

Install 1Package (+ 1Dependent package)

Upgrade ( 2Dependent packages)

Total download size: 192M

Downloading packages:

No Presto metadata available formysql57-community

( 1/ 4): mysql-community-common -5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 274kB 00: 00: 00

( 2/ 4): mysql-community-libs -5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.2MB 00: 00: 01

( 3/ 4): mysql-community-client -5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 24MB 00: 00: 13

( 4/ 4): mysql-community-server -5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 165MB 00: 01: 47

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 1.8MB/s | 192MB 00: 01: 48

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

……

……

Installed:

mysql-community-server.x86_64 0: 5.7.25-1.el7

Dependency Installed:

mysql-community-client.x86_64 0: 5.7.25-1.el7

Dependency Updated:

mysql-community-common.x86_64 0: 5.7.25-1.el7 mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0: 5.7.25-1.el7

Complete!

[root@localhost ~] #

安装完成后，需要启动下mysql服务：

[root@localhost ~] # systemctl start mysqld

查看mysql 服务状态：

[ root@localhost ~] # systemctl status mysqld

● mysqld.service - MySQL Server

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)

Active: active (running) since Mon 2019-02-2521: 10: 23CST; 11s ago

Docs: man:mysqld( 8)

http: //dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html

Process: 8120ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/ var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status= 0/SUCCESS)

Process: 8042ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status= 0/SUCCESS)

Main PID: 8123(mysqld)

Memory: 295.7M

CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service

└─ 8123/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/ var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

Feb 2521: 10: 10localhost.localdomain systemd[ 1]: Starting MySQL Server...

Feb 2521: 10: 23localhost.localdomain systemd[ 1]: Started MySQL Server.

[ root@localhost ~] #

设置mysql 开机自启：

[root@localhost ~] # systemctl enable mysqld

设置完成后需要为owncloud 设置一个数据库账号，并新建一个数据库owncloud。

查看数据库原始密码：

[root@localhost ~] # grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log

2019-02-2520: 36: 493776[Note] Shutting down plugin "sha256_password"

2019-02-2520: 36: 493776[Note] Shutting down plugin "mysql_old_password"

2019-02-2520: 36: 493776[Note] Shutting down plugin "mysql_native_password"

2019-02-2520: 52: 467441[Note] Shutting down plugin "sha256_password"

2019-02-2520: 52: 467441[Note] Shutting down plugin "mysql_old_password"

2019-02-2520: 52: 467441[Note] Shutting down plugin "mysql_native_password"

2019-02-25T13: 10: 18.272936Z 1[Note] A temporary password isgenerated forroot@localhost: tletSusYl3%S

2019-02-25T13: 11: 14.004386Z 2[Note] Access denied foruser "root"@ "localhost"(using password: NO)

[root@localhost ~] #

从结果看初始密码为：tletSusYl3%S。

我们先用原始密码登录数据库，然后修改初始密码，修改mysql 账号白名单：

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

Welcome tothe MySQL monitor. Commands endwith; org.

Your MySQL connection id is5

Server version: 5.7. 25

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/ orits affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle isa registered trademark ofOracle Corporation and/ orits

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks oftheir respective

owners.

Type"help;"or"h"forhelp. Type"c"toclear the current input statement.

mysql> ALTER USER "root"@ "localhost"IDENTIFIED BY "Root@owncloud123";

Query OK, 0rows affected ( 0.00sec)

mysql>

mysql> grant all privileges on*.* to"root"@ "%"identified by "Root@owncloud123";

Query OK, 0rows affected, 1warning ( 0.01sec)

新建数据库owncloud：

mysql>create database owncloud;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>

以上即配置数据库的过程。

下面我们通过虚拟机的IP访问下owncloud：

根据页面提示配置信息。

Admin count 根据自己需要进行设置即可，中间的数据存放路径采用默认即可，数据库此处我们选择mysql/Mariadb，填写上文中我们设置的mysql的账号、密码、数据库，host填写虚拟机IP 即可。

此过程需要约1分钟，初始化成功后会自动跳转到登录界面：

查看数据库，此时可看到库owncloud中已经新建了很多表，且表oc_accounts中已经写入了我们刚刚注册的账号信息：

mysql> use owncloud;

Database changed

mysql> show tables;

+-----------------------------+

| Tables_in_owncloud |

+-----------------------------+

| oc_account_terms |

| oc_accounts |

| oc_addressbookchanges |

| oc_addressbooks |

| oc_appconfig |

| oc_authtoken |

| oc_calendarchanges |

| oc_calendarobjects |

| oc_calendars |

| oc_calendarsubions |

| oc_cards |

| oc_cards_properties |

| oc_comments |

| oc_comments_read_markers |

| oc_credentials |

| oc_dav_shares |

| oc_external_applicable |

| oc_external_config |

| oc_external_mounts |

| oc_external_options |

| oc_federated_reshares |

| oc_file_locks |

| oc_filecache |

| oc_files_trash |

| oc_group_admin |

| oc_group_user |

| oc_groups |

| oc_jobs |

| oc_migrations |

| oc_mimetypes |

| oc_mounts |

| oc_notifications |

| oc_preferences |

| oc_privatedata |

| oc_properties |

| oc_schedulingobjects |

| oc_share |

| oc_share_external |

| oc_storages |

| oc_systemtag |

| oc_systemtag_group |

| oc_systemtag_object_mapping |

| oc_trusted_servers |

| oc_users |

| oc_vcategory |

| oc_vcategory_to_object |

+-----------------------------+

46rows inset ( 0. 00sec)

mysql> select * from oc_accounts;

+----+-------+----------+---------------+--------------+-------+------------+------------------+-----------------------------+-------+

| id |email | user_id |lower_user_id | display_name |quota | last_login |backend | home |state |

+----+-------+----------+---------------+--------------+-------+------------+------------------+-----------------------------+-------+

|1| NULL |owncloud | owncloud |owncloud | NULL |0| OCUserDatabase |/var/www/html/data/owncloud | 1 |

+----+-------+----------+---------------+--------------+-------+------------+------------------+-----------------------------+-------+

1row inset ( 0. 00sec)

mysql>

登录owncloud：

点击右上角用户名中的设置选项：

在新的页面中根据需要选择需要下载的客户端工具：

此处我们选择Desktop app，根据需要下载本地客户端：

客户端下载并安装后填写上文中注册的账号信息，客户端使用方式和常见商业网盘客户端使用方式基本一样。更多使用可以参看ownCloud官网文档(https://owncloud.org/)。

至此，大功告成。

作者简介：阿木，目前就职于国内某知名互联网公司，担任云计算技术部高级工程师，近3年云计算从业经验，爱读书、爱写作、爱技术。

【End】